How Spot Score Works

Spot calculates a provider’s Spot Score out of 10 by weighting documented evidence against the criteria for its insurance role. Partial scores include only factors with sufficient evidence.

Looking for a specific provider’s number? See the current provider rankings .

About the Spot Score

What the Spot Score Measures

The Spot Score is our editorial assessment of a provider’s documented reliability in a stated role, activity and jurisdiction. It is not a prediction of default or claims payment, an AM Best rating, or a recommendation for a particular policy.

How the Score Is Calculated

We score each factor in the rubric from 0 to 4, divide the score by four and multiply by that factor’s weight. We add the contributions, divide by the sum of the included weights, multiply by ten and round to one decimal place.

The weights are editorial choices, not actuarial estimates. The Broker Spot Score weighs identity and authority 30%, carrier-network strength 30%, regulatory conduct 25% and disclosure clarity 15%. The Carrier & MGA Spot Score weighs identity and authority 15%, financial resilience 20%, claims and servicing 20%, carrier-network strength 15%, regulatory conduct 20% and disclosure clarity 10%. We do not convert an insurer’s letter rating directly into a Spot Score.

Two Scores, Because There Are Two Jobs

Placing business and carrying risk are different responsibilities on different balance sheets, so we publish two scores against two sets of criteria. The Broker Spot Score and the Carrier & MGA Spot Score are each ranked within their own rubric, and the directory also shows a combined score: the average of the two when a provider has both, or the one it has.

A broker does not carry the risk and does not pay the claim, so we do not score it on financial resilience or claims and servicing. We score it on the carrier and market relationships it evidences for placements in scope. Those factors are not applicable to a broker rather than missing from its assessment.

An insurer answers for the issuing entity’s own capital and results. A managing general agent holds delegated underwriting authority but not the risk, so we read financial resilience as its ability to sustain its own operations and look to the capacity standing behind its programs. Both are assessed under the same rubric because both answer for what gets written and what backs it.

A full-stack provider tells the market it can do both jobs. We take that claim at face value: it receives both scores, side by side, and neither substitutes for the other. A strong brokerage arm does not evidence the paper behind the policy, and its own paper does not evidence the panel behind what it brokers.

Parent-company accounts, investments and partner logos are not substitutes for the assessed entity’s own evidence. We do not average carrier ratings when the relationship or share of business is unknown.

Programs Are Assessed One at a Time

Almost every program a carrier or managing general agent runs is backed by a different panel: different issuing carriers, different fronting and reinsurance arrangements, different terms, and a panel that can change. The same is true of the markets a broker places into.

So capacity evidenced for one program is evidence about that program only. It never establishes the panel behind another program, and we do not read a named relationship as describing a provider’s whole book. The scope shown beside each assessment names the programs and activity the evidence covers; anything outside it is not assessed rather than assessed favourably.

Partial Scores and Missing Evidence

We attempt an assessment for every provider. When a factor in the rubric lacks usable evidence, we exclude it instead of assigning zero. A partial score carries an asterisk, names the excluded factors and shows the percentage of the rubric’s weighting assessed. For an insurer whose conduct evidence is unavailable, the other five factors represent 80% of the rubric’s weighting; their weighted result is divided by 80% before conversion to ten points.

Missing records and jurisdictions outside the stated scope do not count as adverse findings or reduce a supported factor’s score. If the available evidence cannot support a factor’s rubric, that factor is excluded. A partial score describes only the included factors. Two providers with different exclusions are not assessed on the same evidence basis, even if their displayed scores are equal. The ranking shows scores in descending order with these limitations visible; it is not a recommendation or a ranking of claims-paying ability.

If no factor in a rubric has sufficient evidence, we cannot calculate a number. A material unresolved conflict about the assessed identity or scope, or a confirmed severe current restriction or financial failure, remains an explicit assessment concern; excluding a factor cannot conceal it. A completed conduct search with no findings is limited to the entities, databases and five-year period checked.

Updates and Corrections

We schedule licensing, rating-status and capacity evidence for review after 30 days, financial evidence when new filings arrive and at least quarterly, and other assertions after 90 days. An assessment that reaches its review deadline stops displaying a current numerical score until reviewed. Material corrections or regulatory changes require earlier review.

Methodology version 1.2 replaces the single rubric of version 1.1, which applied the same five factors to every provider, with two rubrics that are ranked and named separately. It adds carrier-network strength, removes financial resilience and claims and servicing from the broker rubric, and gives a full-stack provider both scores instead of one blended number. Changes to the method produce a new version and a new assessment; old scores are not silently reinterpreted. Contact Spot with a page URL and supporting source to report an error.

Our Commercial Interest

Tools for Enlightenment publishes The General Average and Spot, its sponsor, and works in the commercial insurance market. This research is not presented as financially independent of that business. A provider’s commercial relationship with Spot is not a scoring criterion.

Factors and Anchors

Each rubric has its own factors, weights and criteria. A full-stack provider is scored under both.

Brokers: Broker Spot Score

Identity and Authority

30% weight

Authority to solicit, negotiate and place the assessed lines in the assessed jurisdictions, held by the named brokerage entity.

  1. 0The named brokerage entity is verified as unable to place the assessed lines.
  2. 1Material current restrictions affect the brokerage entity’s ability to place in the assessed scope.
  3. 2Verified active producer authority carries documented restrictions within the assessed activity and jurisdiction; unresearched jurisdictions are not restrictions.
  4. 3Current producer authority for the assessed placement activity and jurisdictions is verified for the named entity.
  5. 4Current producer authority is verified together with the applicable firm licence, designated responsible producer and carrier appointments for the assessed scope.

Carrier-Network Strength

30% weight

The carrier and market relationships the brokerage evidences for placements in the assessed scope. A carrier’s own strength counts only where the relationship is named and evidenced; it never transfers from a logo. Capacity evidenced for one program is evidence about that program only. It never establishes the panel behind another program, and the assessed scope must name the programs the evidence covers.

  1. 0Verified failure of the placement or capacity arrangements the brokerage relies on in the assessed scope.
  2. 1Documented material instability in, or loss of, the brokerage’s carrier and market arrangements in scope.
  3. 2Named carrier or market relationships are documented for part of the assessed scope, with material limits on breadth, lines covered or evidenced share; unnamed markets are not counted.
  4. 3Current evidence names the carriers and markets supporting placements across the assessed scope and supports their stability.
  5. 4Multi-period evidence supports a named, stable and appropriately broad panel across the assessed scope, including the terms of the material appointments or binding arrangements.

Regulatory Conduct

25% weight

Current and historical findings against the brokerage entity within a documented regulatory search, including placement, compensation and fiduciary-handling conduct.

  1. 0A current severe final finding threatens the brokerage’s lawful operation in scope.
  2. 1Repeated or material unresolved final findings affect the assessed placement activity.
  3. 2Material historical findings against the brokerage have documented remediation.
  4. 3Findings are minor or resolved without a current material unresolved issue in the defined search.
  5. 4Completed required searches find no material findings against the named brokerage entity in the defined five-year window; this does not establish a universal clean record.

Disclosure Clarity

15% weight

Whether the brokerage makes its own role, its compensation and the insurer behind a placement traceable to the buyer.

  1. 0Reviewed disclosures are verified as materially misleading about the brokerage’s role, compensation or the insurer behind a placement.
  2. 1Material contradictions about role, compensation or placement responsibility remain unresolved.
  3. 2Core disclosures are usable but leave the brokerage’s role, compensation basis or the issuing insurer materially ambiguous.
  4. 3Role, compensation basis and placement responsibility are clear and consistent across the reviewed disclosures.
  5. 4Entity, role, compensation including contingent arrangements, issuing insurer and servicing responsibility are consistently traceable across the reviewed disclosures.

Insurers and Managing General Agents: Carrier & MGA Spot Score

Identity and Authority

15% weight

Authority to write the assessed lines in the assessed jurisdictions: a certificate of authority for an insurer, or the delegated underwriting and binding authority and its appointments for a managing general agent.

  1. 0The named entity is verified as unable to write or bind the assessed lines.
  2. 1Material current restrictions affect the authority to write or bind in the assessed scope.
  3. 2Verified active authority carries documented restrictions within the assessed lines and jurisdictions; unresearched jurisdictions are not restrictions.
  4. 3Current authority to write or bind the assessed lines and jurisdictions is verified for the named entity.
  5. 4Current authority is verified together with the appointments, delegation instruments and responsible-producer requirements the assessed programs depend on.

Financial Resilience

20% weight

Resources appropriate to what the entity actually carries. For an insurer this is the issuing entity’s own capital, surplus and results. For a managing general agent it is the ability to sustain its own operations: the risk sits with the issuing carrier, not the MGA, and an MGA must never be scored as if it held an insurer’s balance sheet.

  1. 0Verified failure to meet relevant financial obligations.
  2. 1Documented material financial or capacity stress.
  3. 2Resources support the current role with evidenced material financial or capacity constraints; missing records are not constraints.
  4. 3Current evidence supports adequate resources and stable material arrangements.
  5. 4Multi-period evidence supports sustained strength and resilience of material arrangements without unresolved material stress.

Claims and Servicing

20% weight

Where underwriting, issuance, servicing and claims responsibility sits between the assessed entity, its carriers and any third-party administrator, and how it is escalated and sustained.

  1. 0Verified breakdown of required servicing or claims responsibility.
  2. 1Material evidenced gaps or unresolved servicing failures.
  3. 2Responsible parties and basic processes are documented with material limitations.
  4. 3Responsibilities, access and escalation are clearly supported by current evidence.
  5. 4Responsibilities and escalation are clear with independently evidenced oversight, continuity and remediation effectiveness.

Carrier-Network Strength

15% weight

The capacity standing behind the assessed programs: who issues the paper, which reinsurers or fronting carriers support it, on what terms, and how durable the arrangement is evidenced to be. Programs are backed by different panels and different backers, and a panel can change. Capacity evidenced for one program is evidence about that program only. It never establishes the panel behind another program, and the assessed scope must name the programs the evidence covers.

  1. 0Verified failure or withdrawal of the capacity an assessed program depends on.
  2. 1Documented material instability in, or loss of, the issuing-carrier, fronting or reinsurance arrangements for an assessed program.
  3. 2Issuing carriers or reinsurers are named for part of the assessed scope, with material limits on the evidenced terms, lines, states or durability; unnamed capacity is not counted.
  4. 3Current evidence names the capacity behind each assessed program and supports the arrangements’ stability.
  5. 4Multi-period evidence supports named, stable capacity across the assessed programs with disclosed material terms, including the reinsurance or fronting arrangements each relies on.

Regulatory Conduct

20% weight

Current and historical findings within a documented regulatory search.

  1. 0A current severe final finding threatens lawful operation in scope.
  2. 1Repeated or material unresolved final findings affect the assessed activity.
  3. 2Material historical findings have documented remediation.
  4. 3Findings are minor or resolved without a current material unresolved issue in the defined search.
  5. 4Completed required searches find no material findings in the defined five-year window; this does not establish a universal clean record.

Disclosure Clarity

10% weight

Consistency and clarity of the material disclosures reviewed.

  1. 0Reviewed disclosures are verified as materially misleading.
  2. 1Material contradictions in reviewed disclosures remain unresolved.
  3. 2Core reviewed disclosures are usable but materially ambiguous.
  4. 3Relevant reviewed disclosures are clear and consistent.
  5. 4Entity, product, authority and financial responsibilities are consistently traceable across the reviewed disclosures.

The weights are editorial choices, not actuarial estimates. Read the provider assessments for evidence and scope, or editorial policy for publication limits.

Methodology version 1.2; updated 2026-09-22.

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